Hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosis is a thickening outer layer of the skin. This outermost layer contains tough and protective protein called keratin and also usually accompanied in an increase granular layer. Basically, this skin thickening is often part of the skin's normal protection against rubbing, pressure and other forms of local irritation. The thickened skin is usually darker than the normal skin. Bacteria can grow in thick skin, often causing a distinct odor. It causes corns and bumps on hands and feet. The other hyperkeratosis can occur as part of the skin's defense against chronic (long-lasting) inflammation, radiation of sunlight and irritating chemicals. Less often, hyperkeratosis develops on skin that hasn't been irritated. These type of hyperkeratosis may be part of an inherited condition and that may begin soon after birth and can skin on large areas of the body.

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Keratosis Follicularis (Darrier's disease)

keratosis Follicularis  also known as Darrier's disease (DD) or Darrier -White disease is an autosomal dominant disorder. Most of patients have family history of the disease. It is characterized by dark crusty patches on the skin, sometimes contains pus. The crusty patches also called keratosis papules. The first skin lesions typically occur in teenage years and frequently associated with pruritus. The skin lesions are characterized bu persistent, greasy, scaly papules (small pumps) which tend to occur over the "seborrhoeic" areas of the face ( scalp margins, forehead, ears, around the nostrils and sides of nose, eyebrows, and beard area), neck and central chest and back. If several of small papules grow together they may form larger warty lesions which can become quite smelly within skin folds. the scalps is often affected with a heavily crusted rash which can be similar to seborrhoeic dermatitis but is usually harsher to touch.

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Lipoma

Lipoma is a growth of fatty tissue that slowly develops just under the skin.  Lipoma are soft in touch, usually movable and generally painless. People of any age can develop a lipoma, but rarely develop them. While a lipoma can form on any part of the body, they typically appear on the neck, shoulders, back, abdomen, arms, and thighs. They are classified as benign growths (tumors) of fatty tissue; this means a lipoma is not cancerous and is rarely harmful. The cause of lipoma is unknown. The risk of developing this type of skin lump increases, if you have family history of lipomas. Lipomas are commonly found in adults but can also be found in youngers and children. Lipomatosis is believed to be a hereditary condition in which lipomas are present on the body.

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Lichen Planus

Lichen Planus is a relatively common inflammatory disease that affects the skin and/or inside the mouth resulting in distinctive skin and/or oral lesions. It can be distinguish from eczema and psoriasis and other common rashes purely on the basis of its clinical appearance in that lesions are small bumps or clump of bumps that are flat-topped, shiny, polygonal, purple to grey in color, tend to occur at the wrists, elbows and ankles. There seems to be relationship between oral form and skin form of lichen planus. The onset may be gradual or quick, but the exact cause of the inflammation that leads to lichen planus is not yet fully understood. It is important to note that lichen planus itself is not an infectious disease. Therefore, this is not contagious disease.

Skin lichen planus affects both men and women equally but oral lichen planus affects women twice

as often as men. Although it may occur at any age usually middle age adults.

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Psoriasis

Psoriasis: Psoriasis is a long-lasting inflammatory disease. It can be initiated by ascertain environmental triggers. A predisposition for this disorder is inherited genes. It is identify by the skin cells that multiply up to 10 times faster than normal skin cells. Unpredictable and irritating psoriasis is one of the most baffling and persistent of skin disorder. Psoriasis are very common in the people with obesity, diabetes and heart disease. It is a noncontagious skin condition that produces plaques of thickened, scaling skin. Psoriasis is not contagious. The symptoms of psoriasis vary depending on its type. Here are some common symptoms for plaques psoriasis:  plaques of red skin often colored with loose, silver-colored scales, disorders of the fingernails and toenails including discoloration and pitting of the nails.

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Photoallergy

Photoallergy: Basically photoallergy is kind of an allergic reaction which is caused by the drug reaction with skin protiens and UV lights to create a substance (antigen) in the bloodstream that causes photoallergy or allergic reaction. This allergic reaction involves immune system and remain antigen in the body which causes future skin reactions with exposure to sun light. The most common affected body areas is neck, outer surface of the arm, lower arm and legs.

The photoallergic  eruptions are itching, redness with rash, and tiny blisters. The symptoms are found after one or two days of the sun exposure because photoallergic reaction is a form of delayed hypersensitive reaction.

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Pediculosis

Pediculosis: Its an infestation of lice- blood feeding ectoparasitic insects of the order Phthiraptera. Include humans, this condition can occur almost in warm blooded animals. Even though "Pediculosis" in humans may properly introduce to lice infestation of any part of the body, sometimes the term is used loosely to refer to peduculosis captis, the infestation of human head with the specific Head Louse. Head lice infestation most frequently caused in the children aged 3-10 and their families. It spreads easily one person to another, mainly in school children. To diagnose the infestation, the entire scalp should combed thoroughly with a louse comb. The louse comb is best and effective way to detect the living lice. Females are most effected by head lice more than males. The most common symptom of infestation is Pruritis (Itching) and the bite reaction is rarely seen in between hairs. Excessive scratching or itching of the infested areas can cause sores, which may become infected.






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Keratosis

• Keratosis: keratosis is commonly caused on the fair skinned people due to the sun exposure. It seems like small spots or lesions on the face, back of the neck, ear, scalps, forehead, upper arms and hands, all these are common locations of keratosis. it is also called solar keratosis. It can cause in any age although particularly in young age. the sign and symptoms of keratosis includes small red and white bumps  with itching (sometimes). It also cause skin dry and rough. It become worse in winters with itch, dry and rough skin due to low humidity.

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